GRE Math Formula Cheat Sheet (2026 Edition)

✏️ ARITHMETIC

• Percent Formula: (Part / Whole) × 100
• Percent Change: [(New – Old) / Old] × 100
• Average (Mean): Sum of terms / Number of terms
• Median: Middle value when numbers are in order
• Mode: Value that appears most frequently
• Range: Largest value – Smallest value

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🔢 ALGEBRA

• Quadratic Formula: x = [-b ± √(b² – 4ac)] / (2a)
• FOIL Method: (a + b)(c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd
• Exponent Rules:
  • a^m × aⁿ = a^m+n
  • a^m ÷ aⁿ = a^m-n
  • (a^m)ⁿ = a^mn
  • a⁰ = 1 (for a ≠ 0)
• Inequality Rule: Reverse the inequality sign when multiplying/dividing by a negative number

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📐 GEOMETRY

• Triangle Area: (1/2) × base × height
• Pythagorean Theorem: a² + b² = c²
• Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon: (n – 2) × 180°
• Rectangle Area: length × width
• Rectangle Perimeter: 2 × (length + width)
• Circle Area: π × r²
• Circle Circumference: 2 × π × r
• Sector Area: (θ / 360) × π × r²

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📊 DATA ANALYSIS & PROBABILITY

• Probability: Favorable outcomes / Total possible outcomes
• Combinations: nCr = n! / [r!(n – r)!]
• Permutations: nPr = n! / (n – r)!
• Standard Deviation: Square root of the average of the squared differences from the mean (conceptual understanding is key)
• Slope of a Line: (y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1)

💡 Tips for Using the Cheat Sheet Effectively

• Memorize core geometry and percent formulas
• Review exponent and algebra rules weekly
• Practice applying formulas using GRE-style questions
• Use scratch paper to track calculations and avoid careless errors